Rivers Geography Climate Mesopotamia Tigris & Euphrates FLAT Warm good for agriculture Egypt Nile Flat near Nile, Mountains, desert, cataracts, Mediterranean sea Warm good for agriculture Egypt King Menes Unites upper and lower Egypt in 3100 B.C. From that point divide into different periods (divide into different periods based on opinions 6 based on events, or 3). Early Dynastic 3100 B.C. - 2575 B.C. Centralization of government first pharaohs