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Amylase is in saliva and breaks up carbs.
The stomach uses hydrochloric acid breaks down food, and uses the enzyme pepsin to break down protein to basic building blocks.
Villi increase are to allow more surface are to break down food.
Small intestine absorb glucose and amino acids , intestines are where the nutrients are released into the bloodstream.
Liver breaks up fat and vitamins. And further control stuff from intestine. Gallbladder, bile is stored in the gallbladder until it is needed to be used in the intestine. Pancreas neutralizes acids, and injects glucose into the bloodstream. Kidneys filter water from large intestine.
The large intestine is the last component, it extracts any water that is still present in the waste. Capillaries take out the water.
Explain why each macromolecule is important to have in your diet: Fat- provides long term energy storage and makes up cell membranes, Proteins provide enzymes and build up muscles, Carbs provide cell structure and short term energy, Nucleic acids provide and build RNA and DNA.
Draw a graph of reaction rate vs. temperature of 0C and ending with a temperature of 70C:
Give the tree major enzymes we covered, which macromolecule they are breaking down and where that process: Amalase is in the mouth, found in the spit, and breaks down carbs, Pepsin is in the stomach and breaks down protein. Bile breaks down fats and is injected into the small intestine by the gallbladder.
Draw the structure of an amino acid: See Macromolecule Notes.
Also be able to Identify a carbohydrate molecule (defining feature is a ring of carbon)
Be able to Identify lipid: Glycerol with 3 fatty acid strands.
What is meant by form follows function and how does it relate to macromolecules: Shape matters. Macromolecules can be made of the same stuff, but if they are bonded and shaped different ways then they do different things and function different ways.
List the four accessory organs and give the function of each: Liver- produces bile Gallbladder- stores and pumps bile Kidneys- filter waste water from large intestine. Pancreas- produces other extra enzymes Salvory Glands- Produces amalase and spit.
Which organ is responsible for absorbing the most nutrients? : The small intestine
About how much of each macromolecule do you need daily: 75 - 95 grams of fats, 300 grams of carbohydrates, 55-70 grams of protein.
What is denaturation and what can cause it: Denaturation is the deformation and breaking down of enzymes and can be caused by change in pH and high temperatures.
What is the process that breaks a polymer down into its monomers: Hydrolysis
Give three examples of protein (actual compounds): Enzymes- Amalase, Pepsin, Bile, Catalase.
What are the six food groups listed on the new pyramids: Fruits, vegetable, dairy, grains, meat, beans and poultry
5 steps of an ezymatic reaction
What is the name of the process that joins to monomers together
What is the monomer for a lipid
What is a polymer
Give two uses for carbohydrates in cells
How exactly do enzymes speed up
Give the 3 differences between old and new food pyramids
NAme the 4 macromolecules
What is the monomer of a carbohydrate
Define an enzyme
What is a calorie
what are the two type of digestion